Showing posts with label Malaysia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Malaysia. Show all posts

Sunday, July 10, 2016

Berapa kenaikan gaji tahun lepas?

Berapa kenaikan gaji tahun lepas?
PENULIS ada bertanya kepada beberapa rakan mengenai persoalan di atas dan kebanyakan daripada mereka menjawab lima peratus.
Ada juga yang menggeleng kepala dan menjawab kosong peratus. Jawapannya tinggi sedikit; gaji penengah pekerja di Malaysia naik 6.5%, ataupun 4.4% setelah ditolak kadar inflasi.

Jika anda berasa ia ‘boleh tahan’, jangan lupa bahawa ia adalah bersamaan dengan kenaikan RM100 sebulan, daripada gaji penengah RM1,500 sebulan pada tahun 2014 kepada RM1,600 pada tahun lepas. Ya, RM100 sebulan.

Menurut Laporan Penyiasatan Gaji dan Upah 2015 yang dikeluarkan Jabatan Statistik Negara akhir bulan lepas, separuh daripada pekerja di Malaysia menerima gaji kurang dari RM1,600 sebulan.

Pekerja di Sabah berada di kedudukan yang paling teruk dengan gaji penengah berjumlah RM1,100 pada tahun lepas, ataupun hanya RM300 lebih daripada paras gaji minimum mereka.

Nasib pekerja yang bergaji sedikit bukan hanya fenomena di Sabah, malah di hampir kesemua negeri.

Hanya di Selangor, Putrajaya, dan Kuala Lumpur sahaja gaji penengah melepasi paras RM2,000 sebulan, manakala Putrajaya memperoleh gaji penengah tertinggi, iaitu RM2,967 sebulan. Tidak ada satu negeri pun di mana pekerjanya mendapat gaji penengah melebihi paras RM3,000 sebulan!

Negeri yang kaya dan maju seperti Pulau Pinang, Sarawak, Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur juga tidak menggambarkan bahawa pekerjanya mendapat gaji yang lumayan. Sebagai contoh, hampir separuh daripada pekerja di Pulau Pinang menerima gaji bulanan kurang dari RM1,700; Selangor, RM2,175 dan Sarawak, RM1,260 sebulan. Ini merupakan kenaikan sebanyak RM60 berbanding tahun sebelumnya.

Malah, negeri terkaya di Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur pun separuh daripada pekerjanya mendapat gaji kurang daripada RM2,200 sebulan.

Tidak semua pekerja mendapat kenaikan gaji sebanyak 6.5%. Jika diteliti peningkatan gaji pekerja di negeri yang kaya dan maju seperti Kuala Lumpur dan Pulau Pinang, gaji mereka langsung tidak bertambah. Gaji penengah di kedua-dua buah negeri ini pada tahun 2015 adalah sama seperti tahun 2014, tidak berganjak walaupun satu peratus.

Negeri yang kurang maju seperti Kedah juga menerima nasib yang hampir sama di mana pekerja penengah di negeri jelapang padi itu menerima kenaikan sebanyak RM20 pada tahun lepas. Malah, jika ditolak dengan kadar inflasi, pendapatan sebenar mereka merosot.

Tidak hairanlah yang teruk terjejas adalah mereka yang tinggal di ibu kota. Manakan tidak, gaji tidak naik, tetapi kos sara hidup melonjak secara mendadak.

Pada tahun lepas, kadar tol naik hampir 30% dan tambang LRT dan komuter naik di antara 36% hingga 57%.
Ini belum termasuk lagi dengan kenaikan harga makanan. Pada masa sama, subsidi makanan seperti padi dan tepung juga telah dihapuskan.

Mengapa ini berlaku? Nasib yang menimpa para pekerja bukanlah suatu misteri. Jika dilihat, ekonomi negara, walaupun masih berkembang, tetapi  mengucup sedikit pada tahun 2015 berbanding tahun sebelumnya, daripada 6% kepada 5%. Prestasi sektor korporat tidak memberangsangkan yang mana pendapatan korporat jatuh 12.1% pada tahun 2015 berbanding hanya 1.9% pada tahun 2014.

Ini memberi impak besar kepada pekerja, yang mana peratusan mereka tidak bekerja telah meningkat sebanyak 9.2% pada 2015. Lebih teruk lagi, peratusan pekerja yang telah diberhentikan meningkat 49% pada 2015 berbanding 2014, tertinggi sejak tahun 2010.

Persoalannya sekarang, adakah tahun 2016 akan memberi harapan dan sinar baharu untuk para pekerja di negara bertuah ini? Jawapannya bukan manis, tetapi pahit.

Prestasi ekonomi dunia dan negara dijangka berkembang pada paras lebih rendah berbanding 2015. Malah, ekonomi negara hanya mampu berkembang pada kadar 4.2% pada suku pertama tahun ini, peningkatan yang terburuk sejak enam tahun lalu.

Jualan runcit juga jatuh 4.4% pada suku pertama tahun ini, berbanding peningkatan 4.6% pada tahun lepas. Pasaran buruh masih lemah, jumlah mereka yang tidak bekerja semakin meningkat sepanjang lima bulan pertama tahun ini. Pendapatan korporat pada suku pertama tahun ini juga berkurangan berbanding tahun sebelumnya.

Sekilas pandang, harapan kenaikan gaji yang lebih tinggi untuk tahun 2016 adalah amatlah tipis sekali.

Harapan penulis hanya satu, janganlah lagi rakyat dibebankan dengan kenaikan tol, kadar elektrik, air, dan sebagainya. Lupakan sebentar niat untuk menaikkan harga, setidak-tidaknya sehingga ekonomi negara kembali pulih dan gaji pekerja meningkat sedikit.

http://www.sinarharian.com.my/karya/pendapat/berapa-kenaikan-gaji-tahun-lepas-1.539453

Wednesday, May 20, 2015

Bumi Unit Trust Holders — A Tale Of 2 Classes


Majority of Bumiputeras, or specifically the bottom 72% of ASB unit holders, only recorded average savings of RM536 in their ASB accounts last year, a measly amount that is not even near RM1,000.
Not only is the number miniscule, it is also decreasing, by 12% since 2012, which is in reverse of the rising trend in overall savings of total ASB unit holders.

Wednesday, February 25, 2015

BFM Breakfast Grille - INEQUALITY - UNCOMFORTABLE FACTS AND FRAMEWORKS

"“Some of the statements in the book would also make uncomfortable reading both for those in power and in the political opposition,” says one reviewer. Now a bestseller, Muhammad’s book takes on many common perceptions about the question of inequality and related policies like the New Economic Policy. But the real strength and contribution of the book is in the new research as well as an insistence to think more deeply about inequality beyond income."


Tuesday, February 24, 2015

Public Seminar in Kedah : All are welcome


Book Review - The Establishment Post

The Colour of Inequality: Ethnicity, Class, Income and Wealth in Malaysia could not have come at a better time.

The book, launched in November last year, covers the themes of ethnicity, class, income and wealth in Malaysia, from the days of the Malay states.

It was published just as Malaysia enters the last leg of a socio-economic development agenda that began in 1970 and will end with Malaysia becoming a high-income nation in 2020.

The statistics-drenched book by Muhammed Abdul Khalid is just the sort of thing needed to make policymakers, technocrats and stakeholders from industries, involved in the crafting of the 11th Malaysian Plan, ask questions on upward mobility, asset ownership and wealth creation and why there are still huge disparities.


Sunday, November 23, 2014

THERE IS NO MERIT IN MERITOCRACY

The Heat Online
By Pauline Wong 
11/23/2014 9:02:46 AM

"A meritocratic system penalises the poor, the disadvantaged because opportunity is not the same. If everything is equal then yes, it is fine to have meritocracy. But how can a kid from rural Sabah compete with a kid from urban Damansara? This is the biggest obstacle in upward social mobility because education is key and we’ve closed that door".


Wednesday, November 12, 2014

TPPA: Perlu juga dapatkan pandangan pembangkang

12 November 2014 2:37 AM

KUALA LUMPUR 11 Nov. – Kerajaan diminta supaya turut mendapatkan pandangan daripada ahli-ahli parti politik pembangkang sebelum menerima Perjanjian Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik (TPPA) yang kini dalam usaha untuk dimuktamadkan.

Bekas Menteri Kewangan, Tun Daim Zainuddin berkata, panda­ngan tentang penerimaan terhadap TPPA itu perlu supaya isi kandungan dan kesan jangka panjang perjanjian tersebut dapat diperhalusi lebih awal sebelum ia dipersetujui kelak.

“Kita ada masa lagi untuk kaji tentang TPPA. Ramai lagi orang yang mungkin belum tahu atau kurang faham. Sebab itu, perkara itu masih boleh dibincangkan lagi tentang kesan positif atau negatif daripada pelaksanaannya nanti.

“Mungkin kita juga boleh dapatkan pandangan daripada ahli-ahli politik dari parti pembangkang. Setuju atau tidak itu perkara kedua,” katanya selepas melancarkan buku bertajuk The Colour of Inequality tulisan Dr. Muhammed Abdul Khalid, di sini hari ini.


Kerajaan perlu jujur, berani menanggani isu jurang kaya-miskin di M'sia - Tun Daim

Syafique Shuib,Astro Awani |Kemas kini:November 11, 2014


KUALA LUMPUR: Kerajaan perlu menanggani jurang kaya-miskin di Malaysia yang semakin melebar dan membimbangkan sebelum negara menjadi huru-hara.

"Kerajaan perlu jujur dan berani menanggani isu ini. Mereka perlu berhadapan dengan realiti untuk kebaikan semua. Campur tangan kerajaan masih diperlukan dah harus dilakukan dengan segera sebelum adanya ketegangan hubungan antara rakyat Malaysia.

Jika dasar-dasar tertentu tidak lagi berguna, ia harus dipinda," kata bekas Menteri Kewangan Tun Daim Zainuddin pada pelancaran buku "The Colour of Inequality" oleh ahli ekonomi Dr Muhammed Abdul Khalid.

Developed nation’ label meaningless if wealth inequality remains, says Daim

The Malaysian Insider
BY LEE SHI-IAN and NATHELIE TAY
Published: 11 November 2014
Warning against growing economic inequality, former finance minister Tun Daim Zainuddin said developed nation status will be meaningless if many of Malaysia's citizens are still earning below the poverty level and are unable to afford their own homes. 

Friday, October 24, 2014

Unravelling Financial Inequality

NST 25/10/2014 Unravelling Financial Inequality

BY RASHID YUSOF - 25 OCTOBER 2014 @ 8:07 AMlink here


ZULHISYAM, a medical doctor with a private practice in Durian Tunggal; Idris Arin, a semi-retired sea captain with two voyages this year; Kamaluddin, an architect fascinated with timber homes; and Aziz Arshad, who is in business and lives in the vicinity of the famed Sungai Dua prawn noodles on mainland Penang, delivered in unison an assignment to this reporter — “Do get us signed copies of The Colour of Inequality: Ethnicity, Class, Income and Wealth in Malaysia by Muhammed Abdul Khalid.”
This was how the slightly dishevelled 38-year-old think-tanker bantering cheerfully with the photographer, found himself being subjected to rigorous questioning on the premise and extrapolations of a book that has sold 2,000 copies in the first month, a bestseller by Malaysian standards.

Seminar : Has inequality in Malaysia really gone down?

The Department of Development Studies
& Centre for Poverty and Development Studies
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

seminar

has inequality in Malaysia really gone down?

Lee Hwok Aun
University of Malaya
&
Muhammed Abdul Khalid
Khazanah Research Institute
                                                     
Date:
    Wednesday
    5 November 2014
Time:
    3:00 – 4:30pm

Venue:
  Conference Room (3rd Floor)
  Postgraduate Building (Block H12)
  Faculty of Economics & Administration
  University of Malaya

                                                                                                        
Abstract
This paper investigates economic inequality in Malaysia, which poses a puzzle in recent years. While official figures indicate declining household income inequality in the past decade, public discourse and popular perception maintain that inequality has risen, or at least stayed persistently high. Surveying public and policy discourses on inequality, we observe that perceptions of rising inequality plausibly derive from concerns over cost of living and economic exclusion, and discontent toward wealth accumulation by the upper classes. Due to inaccessibility of the Household Income Survey (HIS), the database for official inequality estimates, we assemble data from a range of sources besides the HIS to compute earnings and wealth inequality patterns over time. We obtain evidence of steadily rising earnings inequality in both private and public sectors in the 2000s. Private sector wage inequality has grown, especially at the uppermost segments, while the ranks of managers and professionals have expanded disproportionately faster in the public sector. Passenger vehicle sales data show increasing proportions of luxury cars. Property sales also show rising concentration in the upper rungs. Distribution in the largest unit trust funds offer glimpses at financial wealth, and show varying trends depending on individual funds, and particularly their maturity. Inequality tends to grow over time, but increases in inequality are driven not by concentration in the top decile, but increasing shares of the second highest decile. Overall, our findings are consistent with general perceptions of rising personal inequality, while also highlighting how inequality is multi-faceted. Discrepancies with the officially estimated fall in inequality need not impugn the validity of either data source, but urge critical evaluation of the HIS.


OPEN TO THE PUBLIC

Tuesday, October 7, 2014

Cuit-Cuit

Utusan Malaysia 8 Oct 2014 
link here

Dr. Muhammed dan The Colour of Inequality

Oleh Zaini Hassan

SAYA mengenali Dr. Muhammed Abdul Khalid semasa beliau menjadi penyelidik di ISIS beberapa tahun lalu.
Beliau juga adalah pengikut setia kolum ini. Dan saya turut mendapat banyak input daripada beliau dalam hal-hal berkaitan sosial, ekonomi dan politik.

Baru-baru ini, beliau telah menerbitkan sebuah buku, yang antara rakan-rakannya ternanti-nantikan. Saya diminta beliau mengulas bukunya.

Friday, October 3, 2014

Coloured discourse on inequality in Malaysia

TMI: Coloured discourse on inequality in Malaysia



"The inequality discourse in Malaysia has just left the ivory tower and gone mainstream"

Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Taking the Bull by the Horn


Inequality: Taking the Bull by the Horn


http://kadirjasin.blogspot.com/2014/10/inequality-taking-bull-by-horn.html

AS I stated in my Other Thots column in the Sept 16 issue of the Malaysian Business magazine, I am lucky to be in the company of many illustrious economic gurus and commentators.

Among them Ungku Abdul Aziz Ungku Abdul Hamid, the iconoclastic former Vice Chancellor of University of Malaya, Kamal Salleh, the late Dr. Mokhzani Abdul Rahim, the late Dr Ismail Md Salleh, Rama Iyer, Thong Yaw Hong, Dr Rais Saniman, the late Dr Mahani Zainal Abidib, Dr Jomo Kwame Sundaram and the Datuk Dr Zainal Aznam Yusof.

They were committed to their craft and were willing to be unpopular with the establishment by telling the truth. Despite that, many were co-opted into government committees and commissions, especially during the periods of the late Tun Abdul Razak Hussein and Dr Mahathir.

But these days I hear that economists and private sector managers who are engaged by the government are behaving as badly as their political masters. They are more concerned with protecting the government’s image than telling the truth about the state of the economy.

Thursday, September 25, 2014

Sinar Harian : Prejudis kaum di sektor swasta
SATU kajian empiris menunjukkan wanita di Malaysia umumnya adalah 18 peratus lebih kaya daripada lelaki. Satu sebab ialah wanita lebih pandai menyimpan duit atau pendapatan berbanding lelaki.

Mungkin ada yang mempertikai, tapi inilah hasil kajian Dr Muhammed Abdul Khalid yang dicetak dalam buku The Colour of Inequality: Ethnicity, Class, Income and Wealth in Malaysia.
Beliau memperoleh doktor falsafah (magna cum laude) dari Institute d’etudes Politiques de Paris dan ijazah sarjana ekonomi dari Universiti Malaya. Beliau juga mendapati pasangan berkahwin secara purata memiliki 37 peratus lebih banyak harta berbanding perseorangan.
Logiknya, gabungan pendapatan suami dan isteri meningkatkan kemampuan mereka untuk memiliki harta atau aset berbanding individu. Tapi tidak semua orang yang berkahwin adalah kaya. Dalam kalangan pasangan berkahwin kategori miskin, mereka secara purata adalah 41 peratus lebih miskin daripada yang tidak berkahwin.
Tanggungan keluarga, kekangan kewangan dan tanggungjawab yang lebih mengehadkan keupayaan mereka untuk mengumpul harta. Menariknya, kajian beliau menunjukkan mereka yang telah bercerai (janda atau duda) masih memiliki 25 peratus lebih banyak harta berbanding orang bujang.

Kajian Dr Muhammed, mantan felo penyelidik di UKM dan penganalisis kanan di ISIS, mendapati 90 peratus penduduk negara ini tidak mempunyai sebarang simpanan, manakala 60 peratus tidak memiliki apa-apa aset pelaburan. Kemiskinan dan kekangan kewangan adalah puncanya.

Tidak seperti golongan kelas pertengahan dan tinggi: kajian menunjukkan kenaikan satu peratus pendapatan boleh meningkatkan kekayaan isi rumah pada kadar lapan peratus. Perbandingan kekayaan berdasarkan etnik menunjukkan kaum Cina dan India umumnya adalah masing-masing 45 peratus dan 39 peratus lebih kaya daripada kaum Melayu.

Kajian Dr Muhammed, kini pengarah penyelidik di sebuah organisasi pemikir, mendapati orang Cina pada 2009, secara purata, sudah memiliki 2.5 kali ganda lebih banyak harta menjelang umur 25 tahun berbanding Melayu, kemungkinan besar melalui pewarisan harta pusaka.

Walaupun ini tidak meliputi semua orang Cina, kajian menunjukkan antara 52 dan 81 peratus kekayaan terkumpul orang Cina yang dikaji adalah berpunca daripada pemindahan harta daripada ibu bapa mereka.

Satu lagi faktor ialah diskriminasi terhadap kaum Melayu dalam sektor swasta. Perkara ini mempunyai kesan besar ke atas pendapatan (sekali gus, kekayaan dan kemampuan memiliki harta) Melayu kerana 90 peratus pekerjaan adalah di sektor swasta yang dikuasai kaum Cina.

Tindakan majikan Cina menetapkan kefasihan berbahasa Mandarin sebagai syarat kerja dalam negara yang mana bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa kebangsaan dianggap prejudis. Bagi majikan Cina, faktor kaum lebih penting daripada faktor kelayakan.

Kajian Lee Hwok Aun dan Muhammed Abdul Khalid mendapati: “Overall, Chinese are 5.3 times more likely than Malays to be called for an interview despite both having the same characteristics such as CGPA, education level etc meaning that, while grade or academic qualifications matter, race matters more.
Interestingly, (we) also find that even crucial skills such as proficiency in Chinese dialects only marginally increase the chances of Malay applicants in securing a job interview. (It cannot be discounted that) racial prejudice is a motivating factor.” (Kertas kerja dibentang di Universiti Malaya pada 2 November 2012).
Pemerhatian dan konklusi Lee dan Muhammed memperkukuhkan kenyataan Branco Milanovic yang mendapati “being Chinese, with all other attributes the same, resulted in almost 23% wage premium compared to being a Malay.” (Dalam Inequality and Determinants of Earnings in Malaysia 1984-1997, Asian Economic Journal, Jun 2006 hal 19). Ini adalah satu keadaan yang tidak adil dan perlu diberi perhatian berat oleh semua pihak berkaitan.

Teori baharu mengenai pertumbuhan berhujah bahawa pendapatan (dan pemilikan aset) juga bergantung pada tahap pendidikan, pengalaman, kemahiran dan teknologi. Jika ini diambil kira, jelas kaum Cina tetap memiliki kelebihan berbanding kaum lain di negara ini kerana kekayaan dan penguasaan sumber ekonomi meningkatkan peluang dan keupayaan mereka untuk mendapat pendidikan, kemudahan dan peluang perniagaan yang lebih baik.
Disebabkan majoriti masyarakat Cina tinggal di bandar, mereka mempunyai akses yang lebih luas kepada teknologi, infrastruktur, jaringan perdagangan dan pelbagai kemudahan.

http://www.sinarharian.com.my/kolumnis/prejudis-kaum-di-sektor-swasta-1.320100

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

24/9/14 Ex-NST editor urges Putrajaya to give true picture on income gap

source here 

Veteran journalist Datuk A.Kadir Jasin has cautioned Putrajaya against relying on the law of averages when determining income and wealth distribution in Malaysia.
Writing in the September 16 issue of the Malaysian Business magazine, he said using the law of averages was flawed, in referring to a recent survey on the rise in the household income of the average Malaysian.
Kadir’s remarks came following a statement by Minister in the Prime Minister's Department Datuk Seri Abdul Wahid Omar who said that people were now enjoying a better standard of living as average household income had risen from RM5,000 per month in 2012 to over RM5,900 this year.
Wahid had cited a preliminary report of the 2014 Household Income Survey as the basis. Wahid then said he was referring to the mean average household income.
"I am more than certain that Wahid is aware that the law of averages is a flawed one," wrote Kadir Jasin.
"Former Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad often warned about the perils of relying too heavily on the law of averages.
"He had said that a person could drown in a puddle with an average depth of two inches, which was totally possible if the victim falls face down, loses consciousness and is not helped," Kadir wrote in the “Other Thots” column of the bi-monthly business magazine.
Kadir (pic, left) also said that although average income might have surpassed RM5,900, it was a fact that the bottom 40% of Malaysian households had very low income, in the region of  RM1,600 to RM1,800.
He also used the example of the recently released statistics on Amanah Saham Didik, an inheritance fund of Permodalan Nasional Berhad, to illustrate the flaw of the law of averages.
Kadir wrote that based on its 2014 annual report, the average investment was about RM14,500 an account holder, adding that this figure looked good and would be able to finance an undergraduate at a local public university.
The figure also reinforced the belief that Malaysia has one of the highest savings rates in the world, and in the case of Didik, it also showed how well-off and conscientious Malaysian parents were.
"But the true picture is vastly different and totally uncomplimentary, where the bottom 86%  of account holders have savings of only RM980 while the top half percentage average around RM1.5 million.
"The same trend applies generally to other savings instruments, voluntary and mandatory," he wrote in his column titled “Stick to Growth with Distribution”.
Kadir also quoted from a new book by economist Mohammed Abdul Khalid titled "The Colour of Inequality – Ethnicity, Class, Income and Wealth in Malaysia", which the newsman credited as having explored well the issue of uneven income and wealth distribution in the country.
Kadir said the author had noted after analysing 2009 wealth figures that "as expected, the distribution of wealth is extremely skewed".
The book also said that overall distribution of wealth holdings showed that the gross wealth per capita of the bottom 40% was RM123,428 and they owned less than 7% of  total household wealth.
The poorest 20% fared worse. Their wealth average was about RM11,666, and they cumulatively owned less than 0.2% of the total wealth in Malaysia.
Kadir said that young economists and economic thinkers should participate actively in research and discourse on socio-economic matters, especially now when traditional welfare-based economic planning was under eminent threat from the reactionist, market-driven model.
"Yes, the market is important, but the market is not always the best indicator of the success of an economy.
"The market does not care about the well-being of the people. That is the role of the government." – September 24, 2014
https://sg.news.yahoo.com/ex-nst-editor-urges-putrajaya-true-picture-income-072537650.html